Evans Cherry trees, known scientifically as Prunus cerasus ‘Evans’, are a popular choice for gardeners in Canada due to their hardiness and the delightful fruit they produce. With beautiful blossoms in spring and tart cherries that are perfect for jams, jellies, and fresh eating, Evans Cherry trees are an asset in any Canadian garden. This article will explore the best practices for growing these trees, covering aspects such as site selection, soil preparation, watering, fertilization, pest control, and seasonal care.
1. Understanding Evans Cherry Trees
1.1 Description
Evans Cherry trees are a dwarf variety reaching a height of approximately 8 to 10 feet, making them ideal for smaller gardens. They have glossy leaves that turn a vibrant yellow in the fall, complemented by beautiful white blossoms in spring. The cherries are small to medium-sized, tart, and typically dark red to almost black when ripe.
1.2 Hardiness
These trees are particularly suited for Canada’s colder climate, known for their tolerance to severe winter conditions, usually thriving in USDA zone 3 through 6. This adaptability makes them a perfect choice for gardeners in regions like Ontario, Quebec, and the Prairies.
2. Site Selection
Choosing the right location is crucial for the successful growth of Evans Cherry trees. Here are some key considerations:
2.1 Sunlight
Evans Cherry trees require full sun, which means they should receive at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight each day. A sunny location not only encourages healthy growth but also supports robust fruit production.
2.2 Space
Ensure that the trees have adequate space for air circulation and growth. When planting multiple trees, maintain a distance of about 10 to 15 feet apart to prevent overcrowding.
2.3 Drainage
A well-draining site is essential. Cherry trees are susceptible to root rot if they are allowed to sit in waterlogged soil. Look for higher ground or areas that don’t typically collect standing water.
3. Soil Preparation
Quality soil is vital for the health of Evans Cherry trees. Follow these practices to ensure optimal soil conditions:
3.1 pH Levels
Evans Cherry trees prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil, with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. It’s a good idea to conduct a soil test to determine pH levels and nutrient content. You can improve soil health by adding organic matter, such as compost.
3.2 Soil Structure
Loose, loamy soil is ideal for these trees. If your soil is heavy clay or very sandy, amending it with organic materials can help improve its texture and fertility. This will enhance root growth and overall health.
4. Planting Evans Cherry Trees
Once you’ve prepared the perfect site, it’s time to plant.
4.1 Choosing Saplings
Choose healthy saplings from a reputable nursery. Look for trees that have a strong central leader and healthy foliage.
4.2 Planting Method
- Digging the Hole: Prepare a hole that is twice as wide and about the same depth as the root ball.
- Positioning the Tree: Place the tree in the center of the hole, ensuring that the graft union (swelling on the trunk) is at soil level.
- Backfilling: Add soil gradually, watering as you go to remove air pockets.
- Watering: After planting, water thoroughly to establish roots.
5. Watering Practices
Watering is crucial during the establishment phase and throughout the growing season.
5.1 Frequency
During the first three years, water the tree regularly, especially in dry periods. An inch of water per week is generally recommended, either through rainfall or supplemental watering.
5.2 Deep Watering
Encourage deep root growth by watering deeply but infrequently. Avoid shallow watering that leads to weak, surface-level roots.
6. Fertilization
6.1 Timing
Fertilization should be done in early spring before the leaves emerge. A balanced fertilizer (like a 10-10-10 NPK) or one formulated for fruit trees works well.
6.2 Application
Follow the recommended guidelines for application rates based on the age and size of your tree. Over-fertilization can be harmful, leading to excessive leaf growth at the expense of fruit production.
7. Pruning Evans Cherry Trees
Pruning is essential to maintain the health, shape, and productivity of Evans Cherry trees.
7.1 When to Prune
The best time to prune is late winter to early spring, before the tree starts to bud. This timing helps minimize the risk of disease and encourages healthy growth.
7.2 Pruning Techniques
- Remove Dead or Diseased Wood: Cut out any dead or diseased branches to promote healthy growth.
- Shape the Tree: Aim to maintain an open center to allow sunlight and air circulation. This can be achieved by removing inward-growing branches.
- Thin Out Excess Growth: If the tree is overly dense, thin branches to reduce competition for light and nutrients.
8. Pest Control
Regular monitoring for pests and diseases is crucial for maintaining the health of your Evans Cherry trees.
8.1 Common Pests
- Aphids: These small insects can be controlled via insecticidal soap or by introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs.
- Caterpillars: Hand-picking or using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can effectively manage these pests.
8.2 Disease Prevention
- Fungal Diseases: Ensure proper air circulation and avoid overhead watering to minimize fungal diseases like powdery mildew and leaf spot.
- Crown Gall: This bacterial infection can affect cherry trees. If you notice galls at the base of the tree, prune affected areas and sterilize tools.
9. Seasonal Care
9.1 Spring
- Monitor for pests, and remove any weeds around the base of the tree.
- Fertilize as recommended.
9.2 Summer
- Water regularly during dry spells.
- Prune any unwanted growth.
9.3 Fall
- Harvest cherries when fully ripe.
- Apply mulch around the base to insulate roots during winter.
9.4 Winter
- Protect younger trees with tree guards or wraps to prevent winter damage.
10. Harvesting Cherries
The ripening period for Evans Cherries typically ranges from late July to early August. The cherries will turn a dark red color and should be picked when they are fully ripe for the best flavor. Use a gentle twisting motion to avoid damaging the fruit.
FAQs
Q1: How long does it take for Evans Cherry trees to bear fruit?
It typically takes about 3 to 5 years for Evans Cherry trees to start producing fruit after planting.
Q2: Can Evans Cherry trees survive in pots?
Yes, they can thrive in pots, but they require a large enough container with good drainage and regular watering and fertilization.
Q3: What pests are common for Evans Cherry trees?
Common pests include aphids, spider mites, and caterpillars. Regular monitoring and appropriate interventions are recommended to manage them.
Q4: How often should I fertilize my Evans Cherry trees?
Fertilize once in early spring before the leaves emerge. You may consider a second application in late summer if growth is vigorous.
Q5: Can Evans Cherry trees withstand harsh winters?
Yes, Evans Cherry trees are very hardy and can withstand Canadian winters, thriving in USDA hardiness zones 3 to 6.
Q6: What is the best use for Evans cherries?
Evans cherries are excellent for fresh eating, pies, jams, and jellies due to their tart flavor.
Q7: Are Evans Cherry trees self-pollinating?
Yes, they are self-pollinating, but planting more than one tree can improve fruit set and yield.
Q8: How to prevent diseases in my Evans Cherry trees?
Proper watering techniques, good air circulation, and regular monitoring are crucial to minimize diseases.
Q9: How should I water my Evans Cherry trees in winter?
During winter, watering should be reduced drastically, but ensure the trees do not completely dry out, especially in late winter.
Q10: Can Evans Cherry trees be grown with other fruit trees?
Yes, they can be grown alongside other fruit trees, as they have similar sunlight, soil, and water requirements.
Conclusion
Growing Evans Cherry trees can provide Canadian gardeners with not only beautiful blossoms and healthy fruit but also a rewarding gardening experience. By following the best practices outlined in this article, you can ensure that your Evans Cherry trees thrive and produce an abundance of cherries for years to come. With the right care in site selection, soil preparation, and seasonal maintenance, your garden will flourish and bring joy to your culinary endeavors.